Cisco IPsec VPN with Mikrotik or FritzBox

Table of contents

Preamble

Cisco router configuration

Mikrotik configuration

Setting IPsec cipher suites

VPN peer address and identity setup

Phase 2 policy setup

Configuration in export format

AVM FritzBox configuration

Links with further information

Preamble

The following tutorial is a quick overview how a site-to-site VPN access using the IPsec protocoll can be realized with a Cisco IOS or IOS-XE router and popular mass production routers like Mikrotik and/or AVM FritzBox.
One characteristic feature used here is the Cisco onboard, statefull Zone Based Firewall or ZFW.
The Cisco router additionally provides an L2TP client VPN dialin access, which makes it possible to access the network with all standard, onboard L2TP VPN clients embedded in Windows, Apple MacOS, Apple iOS and Android as well as Linux.
The basic layer 3 overview of such a setup is shown in the following picture.

In this design the Cisco router acts as an IPsec responder so that VPN site-to-site client routers and mobile L2TP VPN clients can either connect with dynamic IP addresses or with a static IP address. The Cisco configuration in the next chapter also shows an additional IPsec connection with static peer IP adresses. (Not shown in the above picture).
Due to the fact that Cisco‘s IOS configuration syntax is universal over all platforms the configuration can be used for other router models as well.
Enhanced ACL protection for CLI access and authorization secures login access on virtual interfaces as well as the serial console.

Cisco router configuration

service tcp-keepalives-in
service tcp-keepalives-out
service timestamps debug datetime localtime
service timestamps log datetime localtime show-timezone year
!
hostname cisco
!
security authentication failure rate 3 log
enable algorithm-type scrypt secret <password>
!
aaa new-model
!
aaa authentication login default local
aaa authentication login CONSOLE local
aaa authentication ppp L2TP_AUTH local
aaa authorization console
aaa authorization exec default local
aaa authorization exec CONSOLE local
!
clock timezone CET 1 0
clock summer-time CEST recurring last Sun Mar 2:00 last Sun Oct 3:00
!
no ip source-route
no ip gratuitous-arps
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.25.1 192.168.25.99
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.25.200 192.168.25.254
!
ip dhcp pool cisco
 network 192.168.25.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 192.168.25.1
 domain-name mydomain.home.arpa
 dns-server 192.168.25.1
!
!
ip domain lookup source-interface GigabitEthernet 4
ip domain name mydomain.home.arpa
ip name-server 9.9.9.9
login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 15
login delay 3
login quiet-mode access-class 23
login on-failure log
login on-success log
!
vpdn enable
!
vpdn-group L2TP
  Default L2TP VPDN group
 accept-dialin
  protocol l2tp
  virtual-template 1
 no l2tp tunnel authentication
!
!
archive
 path flash:config
 maximum 3
!
username <admin> privilege 15 algorithm-type scrypt secret <password>
username <nonadmin> algorithm-type scrypt secret <password>
!
username <l2tp_username> password <password>
!
lldp run
no cdp run
!
ip tcp path-mtu-discovery
!
class-map type inspect match-all ALLOW_IN
 match access-group name ALLOWv4

class-map type inspect match-any ROUTER
 match protocol tcp
 match protocol udp
 match protocol icmp

class-map type inspect match-all VPN
 match access-group name VPN_NET

class-map type inspect match-any LOCAL
 match protocol dns
 match protocol http
 match protocol https
 match protocol pop3s
 match protocol pop3
 match protocol imaps
 match protocol imap3
 match protocol imap
 match protocol smtp
 match protocol sip
 match protocol sip-tls
 match protocol rtsp
 match protocol ftp
 match protocol ftps
 match protocol ssh
 match protocol ntp
 match protocol tcp
 match protocol udp
 match protocol icmp
!
policy-map type inspect InternetToLocal
 description Pass VPN traffic to LAN
 class type inspect VPN
  inspect
 class class-default
  drop
policy-map type inspect RouterToInternet
 description Traffic Router to Internet
 class type inspect ROUTER
  inspect
 class class-default
  drop
policy-map type inspect LocalToInternet
 description Traffic LAN to Internet
 class type inspect LOCAL
  inspect
 class class-default
  drop
policy-map type inspect InternetToRouter
 description Permitted traffic Internet to router
 class type inspect ALLOW_IN
  pass
 class type inspect VPN
  inspect
 class class-default
  drop
!
zone security Internet
zone security Local
!
zone-pair security HomeToInternet source Local destination Internet
 service-policy type inspect LocalToInternet
zone-pair security InternetToRouter source Internet destination self
 service-policy type inspect InternetToRouter
zone-pair security InternetToLocal source Internet destination Local
 service-policy type inspect InternetToLocal
zone-pair security RouterToInternet source self destination Internet
 service-policy type inspect RouterToInternet
!
crypto keyring vpntest
  pre-shared-key address <site_to_site_ip> key <vpn_password>
  pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key <vpn_password>
!
crypto isakmp policy 10
 encr aes 256
 hash sha256
 authentication pre-share
 group 14
!
crypto isakmp policy 11
 encr aes 256
 authentication pre-share
 group 14
!
crypto isakmp policy 12
 encr aes 256
 authentication pre-share
 group 2
!
crypto isakmp policy 14
 encr aes
 authentication pre-share
 group 2
!
crypto isakmp keepalive 10
crypto isakmp profile S-2-S
   description IPsec VPN static IP
   keyring vpntest
   match identity address <site_to_site_ip> 255.255.255.255
crypto isakmp profile DYNIP
   description VPNs mit dyn. IP
   keyring vpntest
   match identity address 0.0.0.0
!
crypto ipsec transform-set testset256 esp-aes 256 esp-sha256-hmac
 mode tunnel
crypto ipsec transform-set testset256-fritzbox esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac
 mode tunnel
crypto ipsec transform-set testset128 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
 mode tunnel
crypto ipsec transform-set L2TP-1 esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac
 mode transport
crypto ipsec transform-set L2TP-2 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
 mode transport
!
crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10
 description VPN Tunnel, dyn.IP FritzBox
 set transform-set testset256-fritzbox
 set pfs group2
 set isakmp-profile DYNIP
 match address FRITZ
!
crypto dynamic-map dynmap 12
 description VPN Tunnel, dyn.IP Mikrotik
 set transform-set testset256
 set pfs group14
 set isakmp-profile DYNIP
 match address MIKROTIK
!
crypto dynamic-map dynmap 20
 set nat demux
 set transform-set L2TP-1 L2TP-2
 set isakmp-profile DYNIP
!
crypto map vpntest 10 ipsec-isakmp
 description VPN Tunnel, static IP
 set peer <site_to_site_ip>
 set transform-set testset256
 set pfs group14
 set isakmp-profile S-2-S
 match address SITEtoSITE
!
crypto map vpntest 20 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap
!
!
interface Loopback1
 description Looback for L2TP VPN Pool
 ip address 192.168.26.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0
 description Local LAN
 switchport mode access
 switchport nonegotiate
 no ip address
!
interface GigabitEthernet4
 description Internet Port
 ip address 10.1.1.22 255.255.255.0
 ip nat outside
 ip virtual-reassembly in
 zone-member security Internet
 crypto map vpntest
 no lldp transmit
 no lldp receive
!
interface Virtual-Template1
 description L2TP Client Dialin
 ip unnumbered Loopback1
 zone-member security Local
 peer default ip address pool l2tp-pool
 ppp authentication ms-chap-v2 L2TP_AUTH
!
interface Vlan1
 description Local LAN IP
 ip address 192.168.25.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
 zone-member security Local
!
ip local pool l2tp-pool 192.168.26.200 192.168.26.210
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip http authentication local
!
ip tftp source-interface Vlan1
ip dns server
ip nat inside source route-map NONAT interface GigabitEthernet4 overload
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <gateway_ip>
ip ssh time-out 60
ip ssh authentication-retries 2
ip ssh source-interface Vlan1
ip ssh version 2
!
ip access-list extended ALLOWv4
 remark ZFW protocols allowed
 permit udp any any eq 1701
 permit udp any any eq isakmp
 permit udp any any eq non500-isakmp
 permit esp any any
!
ip access-list extended FRITZ
 remark IPsec FritzBox
 permit ip 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.178.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.178.0 0.0.0.255
ip access-list extended MIKROTIK
 remark IPsec Mikrotik
 permit ip 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.88.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.88.0 0.0.0.255
ip access-list extended SITEtoSITE
 remark Static IP site-2-site VPN
 permit ip 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
ip access-list extended NATPOLICY
 remark No NAT in tunnel
 deny   ip 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
 deny   ip 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
 permit ip 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255 any
 permit ip 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255 any
ip access-list extended VPN_NET
 remark ZFW pass VPN traffic
 permit ip 192.168.88.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.88.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.178.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255
 permit ip 192.168.178.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255
!
route-map NONAT permit 10
 match ip address NATPOLICY
!
access-list 23 remark CLI Access ACL
access-list 23 permit 192.168.25.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 23 permit 192.168.26.0 0.0.0.255
!
privilege exec level 3 show startup-config
privilege exec level 3 show
!
banner exec #
You are connected to line $(line) at router $(hostname)
#
banner motd #
 ____                                       __       ___      ____    
/\  _`\    __                             /'_ `\   /'___`\   /'___\   
\ \ \/\_\ /\_\    ____    ___    ___     /\ \L\ \ /\_\ /\ \ /\ \__/   
 \ \ \/_/_\/\ \  /',__\  /'___\ / __`\   \ \___, \\/_/// /__\ \  _``\ 
  \ \ \L\ \\ \ \/\__, `\/\ \__//\ \L\ \   \/__,/\ \  // /_\ \\ \ \L\ \
   \ \____/ \ \_\/\____/\ \____\ \____/        \ \_\/\______/ \ \____/
    \/___/   \/_/\/___/  \/____/\/___/          \/_/\/_____/   \/___/ 

(WAN IP Address (Gigabit 4): 10.1.1.22 /24)
#
!
line con 0
 exec-timeout 30 0
 authorization exec CONSOLE
 login authentication CONSOLE
 no modem enable
!
line vty 0 4
 access-class 23 in
 transport input telnet ssh
!
ntp source GigabitEthernet4
ntp server de.pool.ntp.org
!
end 

Mikrotik configuration

The corresponding Mikrotik VPN configuration shown here is the customized, out-of-the-box default configuration where eth1 is the firewall protected WAN Port and ports 2 to x are the local LAN bundled in a bridge to keep the setup as simple as possible. This has to be finetuned if VLANs etc. are used.
Configuration is shown in WinBox screenshots and the classic configuration via export.

Setting IPsec cipher suites

Old and non secure cipher suites like 3DES etc. should be removed here. In case a stricter negotiation policy is required remove the 128bit and 192bit checkboxes as well as DH 1024. Recommendation is AES256 with SHA256 and DH Group 14 or stronger.
Cisco is using a P2 lifetime of 1 hour by default which should be set in the Mikrotik settings as well. Allways use consistent lifetimes.

VPN peer address and identity setup

Phase 2 policy setup

Two SA policies need to be setup here. One for the local LAN and one for the L2TP client network. Make sure to set the Level setting in the Action menu to unique !

Configuration in export format

# dec/14/2022 16:01:23 by RouterOS 7.1.3
#
/interface ethernet
set [ find default-name=ether1 ] comment="WAN Port"
/interface list
add comment=defconf name=WAN
add comment=defconf name=LAN
/ip ipsec peer
add address=10.1.1.22/32 name=Cisco
/ip ipsec profile
set [ find default=yes ] enc-algorithm=aes-256,aes-128 hash-algorithm=sha256
/ip ipsec proposal
set [ find default=yes ] auth-algorithms=sha256 enc-algorithms=\
    aes-256-cbc,aes-256-gcm,aes-192-cbc,aes-128-cbc lifetime=1h pfs-group=modp2048
/ip pool
add name=default-dhcp ranges=192.168.88.100-192.168.88.200
/ip dhcp-server
add address-pool=default-dhcp interface=bridge name=defconf
/interface bridge port
add bridge=bridge comment=defconf interface=ether2
add bridge=bridge comment=defconf interface=ether3
add bridge=bridge comment=defconf interface=ether4
add bridge=bridge comment=defconf interface=ether5
/ip neighbor discovery-settings
set discover-interface-list=LAN
/interface list member
add comment=defconf interface=bridge list=LAN
add comment=defconf interface=ether1 list=WAN
/ip address
add address=192.168.88.1/24 comment="Local LAN" interface=bridge network=192.168.88.0
/ip dhcp-client
add comment=defconf interface=ether1
/ip dhcp-server network
add address=192.168.88.0/24 comment=defconf dns-server=192.168.88.1 gateway=192.168.88.1
/ip dns
set allow-remote-requests=yes
/ip dns static
add address=192.168.88.1 comment=defconf name=router.lan
/ip firewall filter
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept established,related,untracked" \
    connection-state=established,related,untracked
add action=drop chain=input comment="defconf: drop invalid" connection-state=invalid
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept ICMP" protocol=icmp
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept to local loopback (for CAPsMAN)" \
    dst-address=127.0.0.1
add action=drop chain=input comment="defconf: drop all not coming from LAN" \
    in-interface-list=!LAN
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept in ipsec policy" ipsec-policy=\
    in,ipsec
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept out ipsec policy" ipsec-policy=\
    out,ipsec
add action=fasttrack-connection chain=forward comment="defconf: fasttrack" \
    connection-state=established,related hw-offload=yes
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept established,related, untracked" \
    connection-state=established,related,untracked
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop invalid" connection-state=invalid
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop all from WAN not DSTNATed" \
    connection-nat-state=!dstnat connection-state=new in-interface-list=WAN
/ip firewall nat
add action=masquerade chain=srcnat comment="defconf: masquerade" ipsec-policy=out,none \
    out-interface-list=WAN
/ip ipsec identity
add peer=Cisco
/ip ipsec policy
add comment="P2 local LAN" dst-address=192.168.25.0/24 level=unique peer=Cisco src-address=\
    192.168.88.0/24 tunnel=yes
add comment="P2 L2TP network" dst-address=192.168.26.0/24 level=unique peer=Cisco \
    src-address=192.168.88.0/24 tunnel=yes
/ipv6 firewall address-list
add address=::/128 comment="defconf: unspecified address" list=bad_ipv6
add address=::1/128 comment="defconf: lo" list=bad_ipv6
add address=fec0::/10 comment="defconf: site-local" list=bad_ipv6
add address=::ffff:0.0.0.0/96 comment="defconf: ipv4-mapped" list=bad_ipv6
add address=::/96 comment="defconf: ipv4 compat" list=bad_ipv6
add address=100::/64 comment="defconf: discard only " list=bad_ipv6
add address=2001:db8::/32 comment="defconf: documentation" list=bad_ipv6
add address=2001:10::/28 comment="defconf: ORCHID" list=bad_ipv6
add address=3ffe::/16 comment="defconf: 6bone" list=bad_ipv6
/ipv6 firewall filter
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept established,related,untracked" \
    connection-state=established,related,untracked
add action=drop chain=input comment="defconf: drop invalid" connection-state=invalid
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept ICMPv6" protocol=icmpv6
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept UDP traceroute" port=33434-33534 \
    protocol=udp
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept DHCPv6-Client prefix delegation." \
    dst-port=546 protocol=udp src-address=fe80::/10
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept IKE" dst-port=500,4500 protocol=udp
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept ipsec AH" protocol=ipsec-ah
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept ipsec ESP" protocol=ipsec-esp
add action=accept chain=input comment="defconf: accept all that matches ipsec policy" \
    ipsec-policy=in,ipsec
add action=drop chain=input comment="defconf: drop everything else not coming from LAN" \
    in-interface-list=!LAN
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept established,related,untracked" \
    connection-state=established,related,untracked
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop invalid" connection-state=invalid
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop packets with bad src ipv6" \
    src-address-list=bad_ipv6
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop packets with bad dst ipv6" \
    dst-address-list=bad_ipv6
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: rfc4890 drop hop-limit=1" hop-limit=equal:1 \
    protocol=icmpv6
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept ICMPv6" protocol=icmpv6
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept HIP" protocol=139
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept IKE" dst-port=500,4500 protocol=\
    udp
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept ipsec AH" protocol=ipsec-ah
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept ipsec ESP" protocol=ipsec-esp
add action=accept chain=forward comment="defconf: accept all that matches ipsec policy" \
    ipsec-policy=in,ipsec
add action=drop chain=forward comment="defconf: drop everything else not coming from LAN" \
    in-interface-list=!LAN
/system clock
set time-zone-name=Europe/Berlin
/system ntp client
set enabled=yes
/tool mac-server
set allowed-interface-list=LAN
/tool mac-server mac-winbox
set allowed-interface-list=LAN 

AVM FritzBox configuration

The FritzBox VPN setup can be done either by the onboard webGUI or a customized VPN configuration file.
The setup GUI is pretty easy and done with a few mouseclicks.

The green button shows a running and established IPsec VPN tunnel.
Further VPN settings for the FritzBox can also be done by a customized VPN configuration file.
Examples for FritzBox VPN files can be found here.